Musa al-Gharbi

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Book

(Forthcoming) We Have Never Been Woke: Social Justice Discourse, Inequality and the Rise of a New Elite. Princeton University Press.

Journal Articles

Citations: Books, Journals, White Papers

Select citations of my scholarly research (excluding self-citations, negative citations, and citations in theses, dissertations, non-academic books and working papers). Details on the academic impact of my journalistic work available here.

We Have Never Been Woke (2023) cited in:

Arawjo, Ian & Ariam Mogos (2021). “Intercultural Computing Education: Towards Justice Across Difference.” ACM Transactions on Computing Education. DOI: 10.1145/1122445.1122456. See note 3.

Gray, Patrick (2022). “Falstaff’s Party: Shakespeare, Montaigne and Their Liberal Censors.” In Lars Engle, Patrick Gray & William Hamlin (eds.) Shakespeare and Montaigne. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press.

— (2021). “Civilization for Know-Nothings: Liberal Arts After the Fall of Liberalism.” Christianity and Literature 70(3): 276-292.

Richardson, Angelique (2022). “Biologisms on the Left and Right.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 45(13): 2496-2518.

Sokal, Alan (2023). “The Implicit Epistemology of White Fragility.” Journal of Philosophy of Education. DOI: 10.1093/jopedu/quad025.

Total: 5

“Prevalence of Prejudice-Denoting Words in News Media Discourse” (2021) cited in:

Cingolani, Luciana (2022). “Representative Bureaucracy and Perceptions of Social Exclusion in Europe: Evidence from 27 Countries.” Administration & Society. DOI: 10.1177/00953997221137562

Zenn, Jacob (2021). “War on Terror 2.0: Threat Inflation and Conflation of Far-Right and White Supremacist Terrorism After the Capitol ‘Insurrection.’” Critical Studies on Terrorism. DOI: 10.1080/17539153.2022.2115218.

Yancey, George (2023). “Identity Politics, Political Ideology, and Well-being: Is Identity Politics Good for Our Well-being?” Sociological Forum. DOI: 10.1111/socf.12966

Total: 3

“Using Word Embeddings to Probe Sentiment Associations of Politically-Loaded Terms” (2021) cited in:

Arseniev-Koehler, Alina (2022). “Theoretical Foundations and Limits of Word Embeddings: What Types of Meaning Can They Capture?” Sociological Methods & Research. DOI: 10.1177/00491241221140142

Braun, Daniel (2022). “Tracking Semantic Shifts in German Court Decisions with Diachronic Word Embeddings.” Proceedings of the Natural Legal Language Processing Workshop 2022: 218–227.

Gutierrez, Luis et al. (2022). “Similarity Analysis of Federal Reserve Statements Using Document Embeddings: The Great Recession vs. COVID-19.” SN Business & Economics 2. DOI: 10.1007/s43546-022-00248-9

Hoffman, Valentin, Janet Pierrehumbert & Hinrich Schutze (2022). “Unsupervised Detection of Contextualized Embedding Bias with Application to Ideology.” Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Machine Learning.

Kaufmann, Eric (2022). “The New Culture Wars: Why Critical Race Theory Matters More Than Cancel Culture.” Social Science Quarterly 103(4): 773-788.

Ludwig, Katharina et al. (2023). “Divided by the Algorithm? The (Limited) Effects of Content and Sentiment-Based News Recommendation on Affective, Ideological and Perceived Polarization.” Social Science Computer Review. DOI: 10.1177/08944393221149290

Total: 6

“Resistance as Sacrifice” (2019) cited in:

Espinosa de los Monteros, Pamela & Sandra Enimil (2020). “Designing a Collaborative DEI Strategy for Library Staff.” In Christine Bombaro (ed.) Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Action: Planning, Leadership and Programming. Chicago, IL: American Library Association. See pp. 14, 18.

Glasford, Demis (2022). “The Privileged Liberal Principle-Implementation Gap: How the Personal Behavior of Privileged Liberals Contributes to Social Inequality.” Journal of Applied Psychology 52(9): 865-885.

Gressis, Robert. “The Social Justice Discourse Ethic: Causes and Consequences.” In Jack Simmons (ed.) The 21st Century and Its Discontents: How Changing Discourse Norms Are Changing Culture. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. See p. 144.

Petts, Amy (2020). “It’s All in the Definition: Color-Blind Interpretations of School Diversity.” Sociological Forum 35(2): 465-487.

Reedy, Alison(2019). “Rethinking Online Learning Design to Enhance the Experiences of Indigenous Higher Education Students.” Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 35(6): 132-149. See p. 145.

Richard-Eaglin, Angela et al. (2022). “A syndemic effect: Interrelationships between systemic racism, health disparities, and COVID-19.” Nursing 52(1): 38-43.

Schneider, Matthew (2022). “‘I Don’t Know What’s Racist’: White Invisibility Among Explicitly Color-Conscious Volunteers.” Qualitative Sociology. DOI: 10.1007/s11133-022-09511-9

Watkins, Mary (2023). “A Pedagogy for the White Nonpoor in the United States: Returning Stolen and Excess Wealth, Land, and Resources to the Common Good.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology. DOI: 10.1177/00221678231155517

Total: 8

“Discourses on Countering Violent Extremism” (2019) cited in:

Ann-Kristin, Jonasson (2022). “The Double-Edged Sword of Democracy: How Democracy Promotion is Used in the European Union’s Prevention of Terrorism in the Southern Mediterranean.” Journal of Regional Security 17(2): 241-266.

Baele, Stephane & Diana Jalea (2022). “Twenty-five Years of Securitization Theory: A Corpus-based Review.” Political Studies Review. DOI: 10.1177/14789299211069499

Baele, Stephane & Elise Rousseau (2022). “At War or Saving Lives? On Securitizing Semantic Repertoires of COVID-19.” International Relations. DOI: 10.1177/00471178221122957

Chubb, Danielle (2020). “Perceptions of Terrorism in Australia: 1978-2019.” Australian Journal of International Affairs 74(3): 264-281.

Estavao, Tiago & Rita Espanha (2021). “The Relationship Between Terrorism and the Media: the Regulation of Media Content About Terrorism in Portugal and the Identification of Prevalent Frames in the News.” Estudos em Comunicação 33: 57-96. See p. 92

Hamdi, Sami (2021). “Mining ideological discourse on Twitter: The case of extremism in Arabic.” Discourse & Communication 16(1): 76-92.

Jonasson, Ann-Kristin (2022). “The Double-Edged Sword of Democracy: How Democracy Promotion is Used in the European Union’s Prevention of Terrorism in the Southern Mediterranean.” Journal of Regional Security 17(2): 241-266.

Malmros, Robin (2022). “Prevention of Terrorism, Extremism and Radicalisation in Sweden: a Sociological Institutional Perspective on Development and Change.” European Security 31(2): 289-312.

Miconi, Diana et al. (2021). “Rethinking Radicalization Leading to Violence as a Global Health Issue.” In Samuel Opaku (ed.) Innovations in Global Mental Health. New York, NY: Springer.

Moreland-Capuia, Alisha (2021). “Law Enforcement/ Policing and Fear.” The Trauma of Racism (pp. 91-105). New York, NY: Springer. See section 6.6.

Rozado, David (2022). “The Prevalence of Prejudice-Denoting Terms in Spanish Newspapers.” Social Sciences 11(33). DOI: 10.3390/socsci11020033.

Rozado, David & Eric Kaufmann (2022). “The Increasing Frequency of Terms Denoting Political Extremism in U.S. and U.K. News Media.” Social Sciences 11 (167). DOI: 10.3390/socsci11040167.

Tsui, Chin-Kuei (2020). “Interrogating the Concept of (Violent) Extremism: A Genealogical Study of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Discourses.” Encountering Extremism: Theoretical Issues and Local Challenges. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.

Umansky, Natalia (2022). “Who Gets a Say in This? Speaking Security on Social Media.” New Media & Society. DOI: 10.1177/14614448221111009

Total: 14

“Race and the Race for the White House” (2018) cited in:

Brooker, Russell (2021). “Real Americans, White Identity and the Election of Donald Trump.” The Unorthodox Presidency of Donald J. Trump. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas (see page 80).

Bullock, Charles et al. (2019). The South and the Transformation of U.S. Politics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press (see page 137).

Carrasco, Alejandro et al. (2021). “Counter-Reforming Through Reactionary Populism: A Failing Attempt to Restrain a Major School Admission Reform in Chile.” Journal of School Choice 15(1): 59-87.

Eitan, Orly et al. (2018). “Is Research in Social Psychology Politically Biased? Systematic Empirical Tests and a Forecasting Survey to Address the Controversy.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Vol. 79: 188-199.

Enders, Adam & Joseph Uscinski (2021). “On Modeling the Social-Psychological Foundations of Support for Donald Trump.” American Politics Research. 49(6): 551-567.

Farrell, Justin (2020). Billionaire Wilderness: The Ultra-Wealthy and the Remaking of the American West. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020 (see p. 342).

Gifford, Chris (2020). “Brexit and Trump: Contesting New Cleavage Formation.” Journal of Contemporary European Studies 29(3): 309-321.

Joppke, Christian (2023). “Liberal Multiculturalism Versus Diversity.” Global Perspectives 4(1): 87792.

Lindsey, Linda (2020). “Power, Politics and the Law.” Gender: Sociological Perspectives. New York, NY: Routledge (see p. 587).

Maranto, Robert (2021). “Between Elitism and Populism: A Case for Pluralism in Schooling and Homeschooling.” Journal of School Choice 15(1): 113-138.

Marshall, Joanne & Tyson March (2020). “Inclusive Leadership and Religion.” Leadership for Increasingly Diverse Schools. New York, NY: Routledge. See p. 200.

Philips, M. Scott (2022). “Slippery Borders and Mythic Spaces: Race, Class and Ressentiment in Lynn Nottage’s Sweat.” Theatre Symposium. Vol. 29: 133-149. See p. 135.

Reinero, Diego et al. (2020). “Is the Political Slant of Psychology Related to Scientific Replicability?” Perspectives on Psychological Science: 15(6): 1310-1328.

Russell, Francis & Rebecca Persic (2022). “The Zaniness of Everyday Life: Trump, Littler & Ngai.” European Journal of Cultural Studies. DOI: 10.1177/13675494221135053

Smith, Jesse & Gary Adler Jr. (2022). “What Isn’t Christian Nationalism? A Call for Conceptual and Empirical Splitting.” Socius 8. DOI: 10.1177/23780231221124492

Stanovich, Keith (2021). “The Irrational Attempt to Impute Irrationality to One’s Political Opponents.” In Michael Hannon & Jeroen de Ridder (eds.) The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology. London, UK: Routledge (see p. 275).

Viladrich, Anahi (2023). “‘American Tales of Heroes and Villains’: Donald Trump’s Framing of Latinos During COVID-19 Times.” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity. DOI: 10.1177/23326492231177639

Wilson, Carter (2021). Trumpism: Race, Class, Populism and Public Policy. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. See p. 43.

Wilson, Matthew (2019). “The Nature and Consequences of Ideological Homogeneity in American Political Science.” PS: Political Science & Politics 52(4): 724-727.

Wright, Joshua & Victoria Esses (2018). “It’s Security, Stupid! Voters’ Perceptions of Immigrants as a Security Risk Predicted Support for Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election.” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 49(1): 36-49.

Total: 20

“From Political Liberalism to Para-Liberalism” (2016) cited in:

Garcia-Escobar, Gabriela (2023). “Norms Versus Interpretations: Human Rights Universality Revisited.” Global Jurist. DOI: 10.1515/gj-2023-0001. See note 53.

Stein, Dan (2021). “The Good and the Bad.” Problems of Living: Perspectives from Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Cognitive-Affective Science. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press. See p. 147.

Total: 2

“Syria Contextualized: The Numbers Game” (2013) cited in:

Barany, Zoltan (2016). How Armies Respond to Revolutions and Why. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. See Ch. 5, notes 105 & 109.

— (2019). “Who Will Shield the Imams? Regime Protection in Iran and the Middle East.” Middle East Policy, Vol. 26, No. 1 (see note 19).

Caglar, Turan & Fuat Aksu (2019). “Actors, Incompatible Demands and Conflicting Solutions in the Syrian Crisis.” International Journal of Social Inquiry 12(2). See p. 528.

Demir, Imran (2017). Overconfidence and Risk Taking in Foreign Policy Decision Making. Cham, CH: Palgrave MacMillan. See chapter 5, note 90.

Dixon, Paul (2017). “‘Endless Wars of Altruism?’ Human Rights, Humanitarianism and the Syrian War.” International Journal of Human Rights 23(5): 819-842. See note 80.

—(2017). “Beyond Sectarianism in the Middle East? Comparative Perspectives on Group Conflict.” In Frederic Wehrey (ed.) Beyond Sunni and Shia: The Roots of Sectarianism in a Changing Middle East. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. See note 47.

Hastings, Tom (2014). A New Era of Non-Violence: The Power of Civil Society Over War. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company Inc. See pp. 24, 25, 65, 76.

Monshipouri, Mahmood & Erich Weiger (2014). “Syria: The Hopes and Challenges of Mediation.” Insight Turkey 16(2): 149-165. See note 11.

Rodriguez, Enrique (2017). “The Use of Chemical Weapons in Ghouta and the Geopolitics of the Syrian Conflict.” Syria in the Whirlwind: Insurrection, War and Geopolitics. Mexico City, MX: El Colegio de Mexico Press.

Ruggiero, Luca (2014). “Renewable Energy and the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership after the ‘Arab Spring.’” Bollettino Della Societa Geographica Italiana 13(7): 359-373. See p. 360.

—(2015). “The Role of Hydrocarbons in the Geopolitical Scenarios of Euro-Mediterranean Energy Security after the ‘Arab Spring.’” Revista Geografica Italiana 122(1): 51-66 

Simons, Greg (2017). “The Roles of Non-Governmental Organizations in Knowledge Management of Conflicts.” Journal of Public Administration (Russia). Vol. 64: 362-76 (see note 33).

Sorenson, David (2013). Introduction to the Modern Middle East: History, Religion, Political Economy, Politics, 2nd Edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. See p. 491.

Stenge, Csaba B (2014). “Radical Islamic Foreign Fighters in the Syrian Civil War.” Defense Review (the journal of the Hungarian Army) 142(5): 26-44. See p. 44 (English-language abstract available on p. 162).

Tasopoulos, Ilias (2014). “Religious Minorities in Turbulent Periods: The Recurring Dilemma for Christians in the Middle East.” Hemispheres: Studies on Cultures and Societies 29(3): 71-84. See note 20.

Tinnes, Judith (2013). “Literature on the Conflict in Syria: 2011- November 2013.” Perspectives on Terrorism 7(6): 137-165. See p. 140.

Zambelis, Chris (2015). “Syria’s Sunnis and the Regime’s Resilience.” CTC Sentinel (a publication of the Combatting Terrorism Center at West Point) 8(5): 5-9. See note 24, p.8.

Total: 17

Presented Research

In addition to these scholarly presentations, I regularly give talks at universities and other public forums on topics related to my journalistic work. A list of those talks is available here.

2022

November 17: “Contextualizing Media Shifts on Social Justice Issues, 2010-2020” presented on behalf of the School of Communication and Journalism in partnership with the Department of Sociology at Stony Brook University.

November 9: “Symbolic Revolutions Among Symbolic Capitalists” presented as part of the Fall 2022 Sociology Department Colloquium Series at UC Berkeley.

November 2: “Symbolic Revolutions, from the 1920s through the 2020s” presented as part of the Fall 2022 Sociology Department Colloquium Series at Colby College.

September 19: “The U.S. Divided: Inequality and Symbolic Conflicts in America (and Beyond)” presented as part of the Fall 2022 History Department Collquium Series at Carleton College.

March 3: “The Social Life of Social Justice Discourse” delivered on behalf of the Department of Sociology in partnership with the Department of Political Science at U.C. Riverside.

2021

December 16: “The Social Life of Social Justice Discourse” delivered as part of the Fall 2021 Sociology Colloquium Series at Johns Hopkins University.

December 3: “The Social Life of Social Justice Discourse” delivered as part of the Fall 2021 Sociology Colloquium Series at Purdue University.

May 14: “We Have Never Been Woke” presented as part of the 2021 SNF Agora Seminar Series at Johns Hopkins University.

2019

March 16: “Towards an Ascetic Antiracism” presented at the 2019 annual conference of the Eastern Sociological Society (ESS).

2018

October 18: “Resistance as Sacrifice (and Vice Versa)” presented for the Brown University Political Theory Project PPE Research Seminar.

August 13: “How to better engage skeptics on civil rights legislation” presented at “Inequality, Policy and Affirmative Action” panel of the 113th American Sociological Association conference.

February 22: “Want to Change Attitudes About Affirmative Action? Look to Cultural Cognition and Moral Psychology” presented at the 2018 Eastern Sociological Society (ESS) conference.

January 20: “Legitimacy, Securitization and the ‘War on Terror’” presented at the workshop, “Is there an After 9/11? Terrorism, Threats, Challenges and Responses” hosted by the Orfalea Center for Global and International Studies, UC Santa Barbara.

2017

November 21: “Interpreting Narratives of ISIS’ Western Sympathizers” presented at the 2017 Annual Meeting of the Middle East Studies Association (MESA).

October 14: “Social Research in the Age of Trump” presented at the 2017 Institute for Humane Studies Fall Research Colloquium.

2016

November 12: “Al-Qaeda in the American Consciousness” presented at the 102nd Annual Conference for the National Communication Association.

February 26: “Who Joins ISIS (and Why)?” delivered at “Security Populisms & Insecure Transmissions: Global Security Workshop,” hosted by the Orfalea Center for Global Studies at University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB).

2015

March 28: “Five U.S. Policies That Contributed to the Rise of ISIS (And are now being rehashed to combat them)” delivered at the 15th Annual Conference in Middle East and North African Studies, hosted by UA MENA Graduate Student Organization.

2014

April 11: “From the Numbers Game to the End Game in Syria,” delivered at the 14th Annual Conference in Middle East and North African Studies, hosted by UA MENA Graduate Student Organization.

2013

September 27:  “Contextualizing Justice and the Good,” delivered at the 2nd Annual Saguaro Symposium on Governance hosted by the UA School of Government and Public Policy.

2012

September 28: “Against Ethics,” presented at the 1st Annual Saguaro Symposium on Institutions hosted by the UA School of Government and Public Policy.

April 23: “The Arab SpringTM: All Rights Reserved” presented at the “Ripple Effects of the Arab Spring” panel, hosted by SISMEC and the UA School of Mideast& North Africa Studies.

2011

November 4: “Philosophical Reflections on Christ and America: How Would Jesus Vote?” presented in the 2011 Student Showcase at the University of Arizona.

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